Blog #11 Questions --
1. In the movie, and I'm sure in real life, the Kimono was emphasized heavily. The way it was worn, the way it was tied in back, almost like a pillow; Wearing the kimono seemed to be more of a privilege than a right. A rite of passage. You have to earn the chance to wear it. Face painting was another one. Hair dressing. Dancing, musical instruments, and using a fan as a prop. It seemed to be almost like a ballet performance.
2. "Paradoxically finding beauty in the opposite". What is not perfect is more beautiful than that which is perfect. For instance, I would much rather see the trees losing their leaves than those that have full green boughs. The sight of seeing vibrant warm colors fluttering in the wind is much more beautiful to me than lively trees in the summer.
3. I think that for me I preferred it that they spoke English. Instead of paying attention to the subtitles, I spent more time focusing on the art of a geisha and the entire theme of beauty and art through dance.
4. There are numerous holidays for the changes of the seasons. Well, more or less for the actual events and the history behind them. The most striking example of a season/event that (kisetsu to me is the celebration of a day within a season that has some sort of historical importance) is Halloween. We put on outfits and go out much like how yukata/kimono is worn at Tanabata. I think if I were a Japanese individual and went to a halloween outing, I'd be extremely passive. It breaks the rule of uchi to soto completely.
5. If otogibanashi references both emotional and visual beauty, I believe that the act of the geisha embraces both. It is a connection with your clients, or perhaps the disconnection, and the overall beauty of the geisha's presence.
6. The concept of wabi-sabi as explained in the book talks mostly about aesthetic and morality. A certain emptiness. I came to the conclusion that wabi-sabi is more about the embracing of imperfections in order to gather a sense of beauty of everything. The beauty standards in the United States are warped. Skinny, fit, tan, etc., are all standard.
7. The scenes that jumped out to me as being beautifully imperfect were the scenes where Sayuri fell off the roof, where the house burned down, and when the chairman caught Sayuri and an American soldier.
8. Hatsumomo ended up causing a fire and was kicked out by the mother. I think that the relationship between the chairman and Sayuri was an incredibly strong bond. They both knew about each other for the entire duration and Sayuri's mizuage was saved for the chairman.
9. Pumpkin's life seemed to be more about revenge, as she brought the chairman with her to cause trouble for Sayuri.
10. The concepts that I picked up on were wabi-sabi (simplicity and elegance), bigaku, and gamabari (the willingness to do whatever to become a geisha).
11. The movie to me was fairly interesting. The progression of what it takes to become a geisha and the camaraderie (or lack there of) between "sisters".
Monday, March 30, 2015
Sunday, March 15, 2015
Beauty and it's Seasons
Blog #10 - Bigaku, Kisetsu, Otogibanashi, and Wabi-SabiThere are numerous "standards" of beauty in today's world, the most prevalent being outward appearance. One of the ways of going about this is through clothing. The Japanese sense of beauty, however, is more than just clothing-deep. As far as clothing goes, the Japanese have adopted a more rational sense of clothing, abandoning, but not completely, the art of the kimono. Wafuku, or original Japanese clothing, is decreasing as yofuku, or Western clothing, is increasing. Western styles of clothing are now completely natural due to the Japanese's want to become Westernized. Hogaku, or traditional Japanese music, is decreasing as well. Younger children going to school learn piano, violin, or guitar, but rarely study the traditional instruments like the koto, shamisen, or shakuhachi, a flute that is blown into from one end.
Although these traditions are dying out, albeit slowly, they are still prevalent in various ceremonies, omiai, or dinners at higher class restaurants; the kimono also being a higher class garb.
Being an art major, I can fully appreciate the tradition of Japanese art. Hokusai's The Great Wave off Kanagawa, is one of my favorite pieces. A traditional woodblock print with ink. "Japanese art focuses not on what is logically considered beautiful, but on what people feel is beautiful". This is a true expression of art. A common theme in Japanese art, which I see mainly as prints, include cherry blossoms and the representation of the seasons and weather.
Much like the United States, Japan has four distinct seasons; summer, fall, winter, and spring, but there is also a rainy season known as tsuyu. Because of this rainy seasons and for how long it has been occurring, it was embraced as an agricultural tool. Due to the wetness of the ground, rice could be easily grown, and still is. Also, because of the damper conditions, houses are raised and are also airier inside, reducing the felt humidity. Various foods are also eaten during different seasons. Probably why I crave a hot dog in the summer and chicken soup in the winter. A popular activity is hanamari, or flower-viewing. When cherry blossoms bloom, people will actually go outside to view them and bring along bento boxes, or lunches.
A popular way of passing traditions down are folktales. Much like Greek mythology, these tales often teach lessons, morals, or ways of life but also reflect the cultural norms. "When people read folktales they become connected to the history, traditions, and spirit of their culture.". These folk tales demonstrate the Japanese sense of emotional beauty, known as aware.
When analyzed as two separate entities, wabi and sabi, wabi is both an aesthetic and moral principle, where as sabi is designated to the beauty of silence, going back to chinmoku. The wabi-sabi principle is all about simplicity, as seen in Japanese architecture. It's focused on the true Zen Buddhism ways of empty space and quiet subdued colors. It is truly an elegance that is seen in no other culture.
Reflection:
I think that to say you're from a certain culture means to follow the ways of life, whether it be the footd you eat, your internal morals, or what you practice in everyday life. Why am I an American? It could just be because I vote but I attribute my culture to being able to express myself freely, follow my dreams (very cliche), and drink beer on Sunday.
Monday, March 9, 2015
Letters From Iwo Jima Response
Blog #9 - Iwo Jima Response
1. The Do Spirit
- One of the aspects that demonstrated the Do spirit that I noticed was the ever willingness to die for the empire, the emperor, and the nation of Japan. It was an ever-lingering thought in the back of the Japanese soldiers, and although some did it, some also thought more rationally about their families. The Chinese translation to "Tao" and "Taoism" is roughly "the way", more importantly the way of the warrior, as mentioned in the bushido chapter.
2. Kuri, as I'll call him for short (referencing the dinner party), I believe drank in order to relieve some of the "stiffness" that accompanies meetings between generals. It allows him to bond and discuss affairs more effectively with a looser atmosphere.
3. Shudan Ishiki and Hedataru to Najimu
-I'd say one of the main ways uchi to soto is shown in the film is the main conflict between the US and Japanese soldiers. When one was captured, he was beaten and eventually stabbed. General Kuri, known the Americans would show hospitality, captured one and treated him, demonstrating his different thinking of the uchi to soto. It was a foreign concept to the other soldiers, for they all wanted to dispose of the Japanese.
4. The scene I can think of that demonstrates the idea of Japanese group consciousness is the one where they commit suicide against the orders of their general.
5. The Japanese soldiers were taught that the Americans were "cowards", but in reality, the letter read "do what is right because it is right". I had a feeling most of the soldiers wanted to follow this (especially the one who was discharged), but obeyed their countries orders more.
6. Bushido is demonstrated when the officers will lead a charge into a battle they know they will lose. Their sword raised high above their head running headlong into the fire. The idea of dying for the honor led to an early death for many soldiers.
7. It is an obligation (giri) to serve your country; when Saigo was asked to serve, he was actually congratulated but was rather upset internally. He obliged after learning that everyone had to let their sons and husbands go even though they didn't want to. Shimizu also was the one to answer questions about plans, mainly due to his brief studying in the military academy. He was thinking otherwise in his head, but said what was expected to avoid conflict.
8. Saigo buried Kuri after his suicide and swung at the Americans after he had seen Kuri's pistol in the belt of another American soldier. He was subdued and treated. Lieutenant Ito was on a suicide mission to die with honor, but after realizing it was a lost cause, he dropped the mines and surrendered to American forces, who treated him as well. Saigo, after seeing what the two Americans had done to Shimizu and the other one, lost hope in trying to become friends with the American side. Ito, however, viewed the Americans as the enemy, but after some time alone in a field of bodies, he turned himself in.
9. I think that the bushido (warriors spirit) was most prevalent. Although the higher officers and General Kuri thought more carefully, most of the soldiers threw themselves into battle on a death mission.
10. The most striking part of this film to me was when Shimizu was given water by the American soldiers, Being told that the enemy is cowardly, the act of treating your enemy was the most powerful act of courage and humility.
1. The Do Spirit
- One of the aspects that demonstrated the Do spirit that I noticed was the ever willingness to die for the empire, the emperor, and the nation of Japan. It was an ever-lingering thought in the back of the Japanese soldiers, and although some did it, some also thought more rationally about their families. The Chinese translation to "Tao" and "Taoism" is roughly "the way", more importantly the way of the warrior, as mentioned in the bushido chapter.
2. Kuri, as I'll call him for short (referencing the dinner party), I believe drank in order to relieve some of the "stiffness" that accompanies meetings between generals. It allows him to bond and discuss affairs more effectively with a looser atmosphere.
3. Shudan Ishiki and Hedataru to Najimu
-I'd say one of the main ways uchi to soto is shown in the film is the main conflict between the US and Japanese soldiers. When one was captured, he was beaten and eventually stabbed. General Kuri, known the Americans would show hospitality, captured one and treated him, demonstrating his different thinking of the uchi to soto. It was a foreign concept to the other soldiers, for they all wanted to dispose of the Japanese.
4. The scene I can think of that demonstrates the idea of Japanese group consciousness is the one where they commit suicide against the orders of their general.
5. The Japanese soldiers were taught that the Americans were "cowards", but in reality, the letter read "do what is right because it is right". I had a feeling most of the soldiers wanted to follow this (especially the one who was discharged), but obeyed their countries orders more.
6. Bushido is demonstrated when the officers will lead a charge into a battle they know they will lose. Their sword raised high above their head running headlong into the fire. The idea of dying for the honor led to an early death for many soldiers.
7. It is an obligation (giri) to serve your country; when Saigo was asked to serve, he was actually congratulated but was rather upset internally. He obliged after learning that everyone had to let their sons and husbands go even though they didn't want to. Shimizu also was the one to answer questions about plans, mainly due to his brief studying in the military academy. He was thinking otherwise in his head, but said what was expected to avoid conflict.
8. Saigo buried Kuri after his suicide and swung at the Americans after he had seen Kuri's pistol in the belt of another American soldier. He was subdued and treated. Lieutenant Ito was on a suicide mission to die with honor, but after realizing it was a lost cause, he dropped the mines and surrendered to American forces, who treated him as well. Saigo, after seeing what the two Americans had done to Shimizu and the other one, lost hope in trying to become friends with the American side. Ito, however, viewed the Americans as the enemy, but after some time alone in a field of bodies, he turned himself in.
9. I think that the bushido (warriors spirit) was most prevalent. Although the higher officers and General Kuri thought more carefully, most of the soldiers threw themselves into battle on a death mission.
10. The most striking part of this film to me was when Shimizu was given water by the American soldiers, Being told that the enemy is cowardly, the act of treating your enemy was the most powerful act of courage and humility.
Monday, March 2, 2015
Ninety Centimeters or you Die
Blog #8 Hedataru to Najimu, Shudan Ishiki, Do Spirit, Haragei
Hedataru relates almost directly to uchi and soto; an inside and an out. Hedataru is basically a separation from two separate entities or things, also being translated to relationships between two people. Hedataru seems to have a vibe of alienation to it while as the opposite, Najimu, means to become attached to one person. By doing this, friendships and also relationships are strengthened.
Hedataru can be traced back to the ancient ages of the samurai where one would sit at a distance to not only show respect to his lord, but as a security measure for the safety of the lord. A saying "Sanjyaku sagatte shi no kage wo fumazu." can be translated to "Keep about ninety centimeters from one's master in order not to step on his shadow. It is a sign of respect in most. Women, on the other hand, have to walk behind their husband in order to show submissiveness and obedience. As time passes, the distance is eventually closed as trust is earned.
One thing I don't understand though is the act of gift giving through hedataru. If there is a separation, why is gift giving okay?
As most Japanese tend to work together in an aura of ambiguity, the consciousness of a group is extremely important. Through the use of social codes such as uchi and soto, chinmoku, and focusing on a certain harmony, group consciousness can be achieved. "If people carelessly and directly express what they really think, there is the probability of hurting the feelings of others, disrupting the group ambiance, or destroying harmonious relations". Japanese, I believe, have a distinct method of recognizing insiders and outsiders based on styles of communication, acceptance into a group, or distance. "Japanese are said to be poor at getting along with those who are soto.".
The Do Spirit is fairly difficult to understand due to it being more of a spiritual way of life rather than a literally defined act. Originating as an offspring from the Chinese Taoism beliefs, the "do" is the "way", or the actual way to be followed. This "way" is a behavioral code and meant to be pursued internally. Going back to Zen Buddhism, the Tao is present in all things and that it is unteachable due to it's otherworldly and conceptually complex content. However, this set of rules and codes can be a negative thing as it instills itself in people so thoroughly that they never change.
When someone has a "gut feeling" about something, it usually implies a certain sense that almost makes it seem like one can read the mind. Haragei is basically that feeling; the guessing of what other's are thinking and the ability to "read" one other's mind. But because of this constant need to guess and not ask, feelings are often hidden permanently, waiting to be guessed. "...haragei is used in business and politics as a deceitful means of communication in which people hide their real motives in order to gain power and advantage."
In regards to the discussion, I tend to think that Kane is showing giri by obeying what Magoza asks of her. He has taken care of her for sixteen years and must feel some sort of obligation to do what he asks. In regards the most recent readings, hedataru is likely seen. The separation of rooms, the giving of gifts (kimono), and Kane's infatuation with Magoza.
Hedataru relates almost directly to uchi and soto; an inside and an out. Hedataru is basically a separation from two separate entities or things, also being translated to relationships between two people. Hedataru seems to have a vibe of alienation to it while as the opposite, Najimu, means to become attached to one person. By doing this, friendships and also relationships are strengthened.
Hedataru can be traced back to the ancient ages of the samurai where one would sit at a distance to not only show respect to his lord, but as a security measure for the safety of the lord. A saying "Sanjyaku sagatte shi no kage wo fumazu." can be translated to "Keep about ninety centimeters from one's master in order not to step on his shadow. It is a sign of respect in most. Women, on the other hand, have to walk behind their husband in order to show submissiveness and obedience. As time passes, the distance is eventually closed as trust is earned.
One thing I don't understand though is the act of gift giving through hedataru. If there is a separation, why is gift giving okay?
As most Japanese tend to work together in an aura of ambiguity, the consciousness of a group is extremely important. Through the use of social codes such as uchi and soto, chinmoku, and focusing on a certain harmony, group consciousness can be achieved. "If people carelessly and directly express what they really think, there is the probability of hurting the feelings of others, disrupting the group ambiance, or destroying harmonious relations". Japanese, I believe, have a distinct method of recognizing insiders and outsiders based on styles of communication, acceptance into a group, or distance. "Japanese are said to be poor at getting along with those who are soto.".
The Do Spirit is fairly difficult to understand due to it being more of a spiritual way of life rather than a literally defined act. Originating as an offspring from the Chinese Taoism beliefs, the "do" is the "way", or the actual way to be followed. This "way" is a behavioral code and meant to be pursued internally. Going back to Zen Buddhism, the Tao is present in all things and that it is unteachable due to it's otherworldly and conceptually complex content. However, this set of rules and codes can be a negative thing as it instills itself in people so thoroughly that they never change.
When someone has a "gut feeling" about something, it usually implies a certain sense that almost makes it seem like one can read the mind. Haragei is basically that feeling; the guessing of what other's are thinking and the ability to "read" one other's mind. But because of this constant need to guess and not ask, feelings are often hidden permanently, waiting to be guessed. "...haragei is used in business and politics as a deceitful means of communication in which people hide their real motives in order to gain power and advantage."
In regards to the discussion, I tend to think that Kane is showing giri by obeying what Magoza asks of her. He has taken care of her for sixteen years and must feel some sort of obligation to do what he asks. In regards the most recent readings, hedataru is likely seen. The separation of rooms, the giving of gifts (kimono), and Kane's infatuation with Magoza.
Monday, February 23, 2015
The Last Ronin Response
Blog #7
1. Bushido refers to not only the spirit of the samurai, but also the skills. I'd say that Magoza demonstrates this by his extreme devotion to his superior leader. The first example of this is when he runs through the entire estate, battling his way through many enemies, just to deliver a message. The fear of death was most certainly overcome. The second was when he accepts the duty to be the primary caregiver of Kane.
2. Self-sacrifice is an extremely empowering feat due to the sheer nature of giving someone else everything you have but expecting nothing in return. An obligation is usually when something causes you to return some sort of favor. For example, if you wash the salt off of my car, it is my obligation to make sure I do something in return. Magoza's willing to take care of Kane was an act of giri.
3. With bushido having ties to Zen Buddhism and an overall state of no-mind and to maintain a good name, giri seems to be vastly different from bushido in the sense that you have an obligation to maintain a good name versus wanting one just to be "pure".
4. The two scenes that I can vividly remember are when Kane leaves the courtyard after being asked who she was in love with. I believe she was handling vegetables? The other scene is when Kichiemon enters Magoza's house without knocking and Magoza returns with a weapon.
5. I see no contradictions, but rather conflicts. The two seem to be fairly secluded to each other and when they are together, it seems almost stressful and anxious, as if one is paying attention (Magoza) and the other is always almost ready to leave (Kane). For instance, asking for a kimono and when she was questioned about it she grabs it anyways and changes the subject.
6. I'd say that as time goes on, relationships in the household tend to be evening out. I mean, when I go home my mom still puts food on the table and enjoys the house and kitchen life but I feel that each gender kinda just does whatever they want. It is not the same in the workplace, however, as I believe men make $1.20 for every woman's dollar.
7. Magoza's wish to have the two be married may not have been his personal choice, but more or less the proper thing to do and to set up a proper family lineage of good fortune. It can be seen on Magoza's face that he doesn't necessarily believe in his choice, but he knows it must be done. I don't believe Kane's wish is ignored (See #8)
8. I think that Magoza has been hiding many things for many years. He initiated the sword fight to protect Kane, he asked for ten days before the marriage due to making sure his decision was right. I believe the movie will end with Magoza killing Kane and performing seppuku himself to maintain his samurai's integrity. He was supposed to die after all, right?
9. I think that bushido and the Ie system are the most apparent concepts. A lot of this film takes place indoors which feature the sliding paper. Bushido is prevalent due to the majority of the cast being samurai.
1. Bushido refers to not only the spirit of the samurai, but also the skills. I'd say that Magoza demonstrates this by his extreme devotion to his superior leader. The first example of this is when he runs through the entire estate, battling his way through many enemies, just to deliver a message. The fear of death was most certainly overcome. The second was when he accepts the duty to be the primary caregiver of Kane.
2. Self-sacrifice is an extremely empowering feat due to the sheer nature of giving someone else everything you have but expecting nothing in return. An obligation is usually when something causes you to return some sort of favor. For example, if you wash the salt off of my car, it is my obligation to make sure I do something in return. Magoza's willing to take care of Kane was an act of giri.
3. With bushido having ties to Zen Buddhism and an overall state of no-mind and to maintain a good name, giri seems to be vastly different from bushido in the sense that you have an obligation to maintain a good name versus wanting one just to be "pure".
4. The two scenes that I can vividly remember are when Kane leaves the courtyard after being asked who she was in love with. I believe she was handling vegetables? The other scene is when Kichiemon enters Magoza's house without knocking and Magoza returns with a weapon.
5. I see no contradictions, but rather conflicts. The two seem to be fairly secluded to each other and when they are together, it seems almost stressful and anxious, as if one is paying attention (Magoza) and the other is always almost ready to leave (Kane). For instance, asking for a kimono and when she was questioned about it she grabs it anyways and changes the subject.
6. I'd say that as time goes on, relationships in the household tend to be evening out. I mean, when I go home my mom still puts food on the table and enjoys the house and kitchen life but I feel that each gender kinda just does whatever they want. It is not the same in the workplace, however, as I believe men make $1.20 for every woman's dollar.
7. Magoza's wish to have the two be married may not have been his personal choice, but more or less the proper thing to do and to set up a proper family lineage of good fortune. It can be seen on Magoza's face that he doesn't necessarily believe in his choice, but he knows it must be done. I don't believe Kane's wish is ignored (See #8)
8. I think that Magoza has been hiding many things for many years. He initiated the sword fight to protect Kane, he asked for ten days before the marriage due to making sure his decision was right. I believe the movie will end with Magoza killing Kane and performing seppuku himself to maintain his samurai's integrity. He was supposed to die after all, right?
9. I think that bushido and the Ie system are the most apparent concepts. A lot of this film takes place indoors which feature the sliding paper. Bushido is prevalent due to the majority of the cast being samurai.
Monday, February 16, 2015
Discussion Response
Blog #6 - Reflection over Aoi Tori and Swing Girls
One issue that seems to be rather prevalent between these two movies is the idea of bullying. It appears more so in Aoi Tori, and focuses more on it's effects, but it can also be seen in Swing Girls. I think that there is less of a care for "telling somebody how it is", which contradicts the definition of aimai; which means to not speak your mind (the nail that sticks up gets hammered down). The example that best fits this from Swing Girls is when the teacher who was taking lessons was completely made fun of by the little boy who was also practicing. In Aoi Tori, the act of bullying is a much more powerful one; the act has already happened and the audience has to sit through the aftermath and the recovery.
I think there is an extreme fear of not fitting in with the group. Bullies usually have a group that stick up for each other because it is easier to feel included than excluded. Due to gamabari, the fear of failure and to not be accepted is sometimes so great that one will do anything to fit in. Noguchi's willing to have friends and the things he'd do (steal chips) was an act of gamabari. Going through middle school, I was slightly overweight. If I can remember correctly, I was called "fat fuck" on the daily. I tried to not let it get to me, but it instilled a ideal inside of me that being a little chubby was wrong, so I changed my eating habits. It eventually led to self-starvation and a loss of weight.
Although bullying may not be visible to anyone's eye off hand, it is always an internal struggle that is not always thought about.
One issue that seems to be rather prevalent between these two movies is the idea of bullying. It appears more so in Aoi Tori, and focuses more on it's effects, but it can also be seen in Swing Girls. I think that there is less of a care for "telling somebody how it is", which contradicts the definition of aimai; which means to not speak your mind (the nail that sticks up gets hammered down). The example that best fits this from Swing Girls is when the teacher who was taking lessons was completely made fun of by the little boy who was also practicing. In Aoi Tori, the act of bullying is a much more powerful one; the act has already happened and the audience has to sit through the aftermath and the recovery.
I think there is an extreme fear of not fitting in with the group. Bullies usually have a group that stick up for each other because it is easier to feel included than excluded. Due to gamabari, the fear of failure and to not be accepted is sometimes so great that one will do anything to fit in. Noguchi's willing to have friends and the things he'd do (steal chips) was an act of gamabari. Going through middle school, I was slightly overweight. If I can remember correctly, I was called "fat fuck" on the daily. I tried to not let it get to me, but it instilled a ideal inside of me that being a little chubby was wrong, so I changed my eating habits. It eventually led to self-starvation and a loss of weight.
Although bullying may not be visible to anyone's eye off hand, it is always an internal struggle that is not always thought about.
Tuesday, February 3, 2015
The Spirit of the Samurai
Blog #4 Bushido, Giri, The Japanese Ie System, and Omiai.
The spirit of the samurai, or bushido, was an integral part of Feudal Japan. Out of a 4-class system, the samurai were ranked the highest, with the others being farmers, artisans, and tradesmen. The object of bushido refers to not only the skills of the samurai, but also the spirit; "a strong sense of personal honor, devotion to duty, and the courage, if required, to sacrifice one's life in battle or in ritual" (Page 42). One of the most important, if not most important aspects of bushido, is the application and reference to en Buddhism. The sense of enlightenment given by this way of thinking can be attributed to a feeling of mushin or "no-mind"; an unconsciousness that one is completely aware of, much like a lucid dream.
"The state of no-mind unites the body with the spirit" and by practicing this, the samurais were able to overcome their fear of death. Bushido was influenced mainly by Confucianism and the four principles which included humanism, faithfulness, respect for social norms, and wisdom. These four principles sound much like the idea of being modest and showing restraint internally. To one samurai, Yamamoto, "bushido means the determined will to die" and by believing in this, one must live admirably and honorably to maintain a glory and everlasting good name after death.
In modern times, the idea of bushido and the devotion to one's work led to eventual work-overload and can lead to death (karoshi).
Caring for others through the ways of self-sacrifice in order to repay a debt of gratitude is the idea of giri. Although there is no literal translation in English, this helps us understand it's concept. In today's world, returning something for goodwill is the equivalent. "If you receive a present from someone, you should return something which is of equal value" (Page 97).
As mentioned in a previous blog post, the Japanese Ie system is a rather traditional way of home life;
a) a building that is used as a residence
b) a family or hosuehold
c) a groupd that consists fo a family according to the old Japanese civil code
d) the family line that descends frmo one's ancestors and will continue to in the future.
Based on the Ie system, the head of the household was given "privileged treatment and was normally served by other family members". The (his) meals were richer, was welcomed when he came home, and the seat had to be higher at the table. Basically, the woman's position was much lower than that of the man, because it was believed that women were inferior to men. They were also the sole proprietors to bearing children.
Arranged marriages is no foreign concept to anyone, however, it seems to be more of a traditional way of keeping a lifelong partner. Since the ie system was very centralized to one controlling household male, the decisions for the children were usually made by him. Because the ie system was so prevalent in the Japanese way of life, the way of omiai is still followed to this day, because it seems to be fairly successful.
The spirit of the samurai, or bushido, was an integral part of Feudal Japan. Out of a 4-class system, the samurai were ranked the highest, with the others being farmers, artisans, and tradesmen. The object of bushido refers to not only the skills of the samurai, but also the spirit; "a strong sense of personal honor, devotion to duty, and the courage, if required, to sacrifice one's life in battle or in ritual" (Page 42). One of the most important, if not most important aspects of bushido, is the application and reference to en Buddhism. The sense of enlightenment given by this way of thinking can be attributed to a feeling of mushin or "no-mind"; an unconsciousness that one is completely aware of, much like a lucid dream.
"The state of no-mind unites the body with the spirit" and by practicing this, the samurais were able to overcome their fear of death. Bushido was influenced mainly by Confucianism and the four principles which included humanism, faithfulness, respect for social norms, and wisdom. These four principles sound much like the idea of being modest and showing restraint internally. To one samurai, Yamamoto, "bushido means the determined will to die" and by believing in this, one must live admirably and honorably to maintain a glory and everlasting good name after death.
In modern times, the idea of bushido and the devotion to one's work led to eventual work-overload and can lead to death (karoshi).
Caring for others through the ways of self-sacrifice in order to repay a debt of gratitude is the idea of giri. Although there is no literal translation in English, this helps us understand it's concept. In today's world, returning something for goodwill is the equivalent. "If you receive a present from someone, you should return something which is of equal value" (Page 97).
As mentioned in a previous blog post, the Japanese Ie system is a rather traditional way of home life;
a) a building that is used as a residence
b) a family or hosuehold
c) a groupd that consists fo a family according to the old Japanese civil code
d) the family line that descends frmo one's ancestors and will continue to in the future.
Based on the Ie system, the head of the household was given "privileged treatment and was normally served by other family members". The (his) meals were richer, was welcomed when he came home, and the seat had to be higher at the table. Basically, the woman's position was much lower than that of the man, because it was believed that women were inferior to men. They were also the sole proprietors to bearing children.
Arranged marriages is no foreign concept to anyone, however, it seems to be more of a traditional way of keeping a lifelong partner. Since the ie system was very centralized to one controlling household male, the decisions for the children were usually made by him. Because the ie system was so prevalent in the Japanese way of life, the way of omiai is still followed to this day, because it seems to be fairly successful.
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